Heat-induced morphological changes in silver nanowires deposited on a patterned silicon substrate

• Elyad Damerchi,
• Sven Oras,
• Edgars Butanovs,
• Allar Liivlaid,
• Mikk Antsov,
• Boris Polyakov,
• Annamarija Trausa,
• Veronika Zadin,
• Andreas Kyritsakis,
• Loïc Vidal,
• Karine Mougin,
• Siim Pikker and
• Sergei Vlassov

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 435–446, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.39

• NW networks is in highly flexible transparent film heaters [15]. In recent years, Ag NWs have garnered attention as a key element in neuromorphic computing devices [16]. In the context of the applications mentioned, Ag NWs are subjected to elevated temperatures caused by Joule heating [17]. Moreover

Modulated critical currents of spin-transfer torque-induced resistance changes in NiCu/Cu multilayered nanowires

• Mengqi Fu,
• Roman Hartmann,
• Julian Braun,
• Sergej Andreev,
• Torsten Pietsch and
• Elke Scheer

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 360–366, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.32

• , Supporting Information File 1). It results from Joule heating due to the high current density rather than from spin-related effects. Therefore, in order to visualize the spin-related features, the reduced differential resistance (dV/dI)red was obtained by subtracting the background curve measured at µ0H

A multi-resistance wide-range calibration sample for conductive probe atomic force microscopy measurements

• François Piquemal,
• Khaled Kaja,
• Pascal Chrétien,
• José Morán-Meza,
• Frédéric Houzé,
• Christian Ulysse and
• Abdelmounaim Harouri

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 1141–1148, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.94

• avoid excessive Joule heating within the nanocontact. Conclusion We have designed a multi-resistance wide-range reference for calibrating the complete C-AFM measurement circuit over a resistance range from 100 Ω to 100 GΩ. A set of operating protocols have been demonstrated for measuring resistance in C

Investigations on the optical forces from three mainstream optical resonances in all-dielectric nanostructure arrays

• Guangdong Wang and
• Zhanghua Han

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 674–682, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.53

• to effectively capture subwavelength nanoparticles by overcoming the diffraction limit [4], which has aroused broad research interest. However, due to the high loss of metals, the Joule heating effect caused by the absorption of light leads to increasing temperatures of plasmonic nanotweezers, and

Spin dynamics in superconductor/ferromagnetic insulator hybrid structures with precessing magnetization

• Yaroslav V. Turkin and
• Nataliya Pugach

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 233–239, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.22

• most preferable way to inject spin currents because of the absence of Joule heating. Moreover, proximity coupling between magnetic excitations plays a crucial role in ferromagnetic Josephson junctions [9][10][11][12] and mesoscopic structures [13]. Recent experimental research [5][8][14] shows that the

Characterisation of a micrometer-scale active plasmonic element by means of complementary computational and experimental methods

• Ciarán Barron,
• Giulia Di Fazio,
• Samuel Kenny,
• Silas O’Toole,
• Robin O’Reilly and
• Dominic Zerulla

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 110–122, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.12

• changes in the far-field reflectivity resulting from Joule heating. A clear modulation of the materials’ optical constants can be inferred from the changed reflectivity, which is highly sensitive and dependent on the input current. The changed electrical permittivity of the active element is due to Joule

• understood that heating affects the electrical permittivity of metals [25][26][27][28] and dielectrics [29][30]. This, in conjunction with Joule heating, is used to generate the desired effects. The active plasmonic element proposed (Figure 1) consists of a nano- or mesoscale constriction in a 48 nm thick

• constriction in the silver film such that a current modulated at a particular frequency affects its optical properties via Joule heating. The signal is acquired by a photodiode and further processed by a lock-in amplifier (Ametek 5210), with the driving signal of the modulated voltage acting as reference. The

Efficiency of electron cooling in cold-electron bolometers with traps

• Dmitrii A. Pimanov,
• Vladimir A. Frost,
• Anton V. Blagodatkin,
• Anna V. Gordeeva,
• Andrey L. Pankratov and
• Leonid S. Kuzmin

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 896–901, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.80

• solves the equations of the stationary CEB theory [16]. We use the approach based on solving the heat balance equation [7]: where PN is Joule heating in the absorber. is the heat flux between electron and phonon subsystems, taken with the sixth power [17] due to low electron temperature in our

Seebeck coefficient of silicon nanowire forests doped by thermal diffusion

• Shaimaa Elyamny,
• Elisabetta Dimaggio and
• Giovanni Pennelli

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1707–1713, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.153

• electrical power needed to heat TH through Joule heating is the thermal power = V × I that crosses the sample in the absence of heat losses. The system is in vacuum and the irradiation loss is limited by a thermal shield maintained at TH. Hence, the thermal resistance ℜ can be evaluated as ℜ = (TH − TC

Amorphized length and variability in phase-change memory line cells

• Nafisa Noor,
• Sadid Muneer,
• Raihan Sayeed Khan,
• Anna Gorbenko and
• Helena Silva

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1644–1654, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.147

• the parasitic capacitances present in the system and to the thermal runaway of the amorphous GST, which also lead to a quick rise of the cell temperature and produce enough Joule heating to induce melting of the material [27]. The sharp falling edges of Icell for the two re-amorphization events due to

Magnetohydrodynamic stagnation point on a Casson nanofluid flow over a radially stretching sheet

• Ganji Narender,
• Kamatam Govardhan and
• Gobburu Sreedhar Sarma

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1303–1315, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.114

• ) fluid upon Joule heating and thermal radiation, using the Cattaneo–Christov heat flux model. Hayat et al. [17] investigated the mass exchange and MHD flow of a UCM fluid passing over an extended sheet. Ibrahim and Suneetha [18] studied the effects of Joule heating and viscous dissipation on steady

A Josephson junction based on a highly disordered superconductor/low-resistivity normal metal bilayer

• Pavel M. Marychev and
• Denis Yu. Vodolazov

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 858–865, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.71

• junction; Joule heating; Introduction Josephson junctions are of interest for applications such as voltage standards [1], SQUID magnetometers [2], particle detectors [3], and energy-efficient superconductor logic and memory circuits [4][5]. These applications need to have a large critical current Ic to

• obtain high noise immunity. But due to large critical current and bad heat dissipation their IVCs are hysteretic due to Joule heating () and the subsequent formation of a stable region with suppressed superconductivity (a so-called “hot spot”) at I > Ic [6][7][8][9]. At temperatures near the critical

• and Ic increases too. Finally, Figure 4d illustrates that a decrease of the ratio ρS/ρN to a third of the initial value hardly changes the current–phase relation. Both the critical current and the shape of the CPR vary only little. Effect of Joule heating in SN-S-SN junctions The absence of hysteresis

Electromigrated electrical optical antennas for transducing electrons and photons at the nanoscale

• Arindam Dasgupta,
• Mickaël Buret,
• Nicolas Cazier,
• Marie-Maxime Mennemanteuil,
• Reinaldo Chacon,
• Kamal Hammani,
• Jean-Claude Weeber,
• Juan Arocas,
• Laurent Markey,
• Gérard Colas des Francs,
• Alexander Uskov,
• Igor Smetanin and
• Alexandre Bouhelier

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1964–1976, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.187

• are two reasons why the formation of the gap is not occurring at the constriction. First, the dissipation of electrical power during the process takes place at the constriction, i.e., at the region of highest resistance [38]. The evaporated Au layer can thus be partially annealed through Joule heating

• connections. The areas colored in red are made by electron-beam lithography, the regions in blue are those fabricated by photolithography. (a) Temporal extract of the electromigration sequence featuring the effect of partial annealing, Joule heating and onset of electromigration on the evolution of the

Toward the use of CVD-grown MoS₂ nanosheets as field-emission source

• Geetanjali Deokar,
• Nitul S. Rajput,
• Junjie Li,
• Francis Leonard Deepak,
• Wei Ou-Yang,
• Nicolas Reckinger,
• Carla Bittencourt,
• Jean-Francois Colomer and
• Mustapha Jouiad

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1686–1694, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.160

• their exposed sharp edges, un-stacked morphology and high aspect ratio they are less affected by Joule heating [11]. In the past few years, FE measurements on different MoS2 morphologies, such as horizontally arranged (with a few protruding portions) MoS2 [12], sparsely distributed vertically aligned

• densely packed NSs might be playing an important role to achieve high current density and faster heat dissipation, thereby reducing the burning out of active emission sites induced by Joule heating. The as-grown NSs could also possibly be used as heat dissipating nano-channels in FE or electronic devices

Review: Electrostatically actuated nanobeam-based nanoelectromechanical switches – materials solutions and operational conditions

• Liga Jasulaneca,
• Jelena Kosmaca,
• Raimonds Meija,
• Jana Andzane and
• Donats Erts

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 271–300, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.29

• conductivity [10][96][99]. If there is a low current density in the contact (in the range of 1 pA/nm2) and a good thermal contact, the temperature changes modestly (ΔT < 30 K) and almost no Joule heating occurs [10]. However, even at current densities as low as 3 pA/nm2, energy dissipation in the contact may

• result in a smoothening of the contacting surfaces because of local Joule heating and welding. The contact strengthening effect in Figure 9b was explained by smoothing and thinning of the native Ge oxide layer which results in an increase of contact area and adhesion force [54]. At higher current

• densities (1–10 nA/nm2) a Joule heating induced rise of temperature (in the range of 1000 °C) may trigger a change of chemical composition of the material. For example, for Mo6S3I6 bundles, a non-reversible transformation to Mo was reported, as a result of evaporation of S and I [100]. This effect may be

Combined scanning probe electronic and thermal characterization of an indium arsenide nanowire

• Tino Wagner,
• Fabian Menges,
• Heike Riel,
• Bernd Gotsmann and
• Andreas Stemmer

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 129–136, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.15

• processes at the interface to electrodes may dominate and limit device performance. A crucial step towards device optimization is being able to separate such contact effects from intrinsic device properties. Likewise, an increased local temperature due to Joule heating at contacts and the formation of hot

• resulting in Joule heating. Furthermore, thermoelectric effects cause a heat flux and result in additional temperature gradients. With further miniturization of electronic devices, such as transistors in integrated circuits, contact resistances and local transport properties govern device performance on a

• behaviour could be caused by either inhomogeneous heat generation (e.g., enhanced Joule heating at the contact regions) or an inhomogeneous thermal coupling between nanowire and heat-sinking substrate. Thermal measurements alone are insufficient to clearly differentiate between the two. We now turn to the

Robust procedure for creating and characterizing the atomic structure of scanning tunneling microscope tips

• Sumit Tewari,
• Koen M. Bastiaans,
• Milan P. Allan and
• Jan M. van Ruitenbeek

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 2389–2395, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.238

• on previous break junction experiments [27] it is known that for less than 100 mV bias voltage the Joule heating of the junctions is negligible and so the current level during mechanical annealing should not play an important role, when keeping the bias below this value. We find no evidence that the

Preparation of thick silica coatings on carbon fibers with fine-structured silica nanotubes induced by a self-assembly process

• Benjamin Baumgärtner,
• Hendrik Möller,
• Thomas Neumann and
• Dirk Volkmer

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1145–1155, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.116

• resistance, could be advantageous compared with the traditional powder or pellet form of silica based catalysts. For example, Joule heating of the contiguous carbon fiber felts offers additional benefits regarding desorption for their in situ regeneration in volatile organic compounds treatment processes [2

Nanostructured SnO₂–ZnO composite gas sensors for selective detection of carbon monoxide

• Paul Chesler,
• Cristian Hornoiu,
• Susana Mihaiu,
• Cristina Vladut,
• Jose Maria Calderon Moreno,
• Mihai Anastasescu,
• Carmen Moldovan,
• Bogdan Firtat,
• Costin Brasoveanu,
• George Muscalu,
• Ion Stan and
• Mariuca Gartner

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 2045–2056, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.195

• analyses allowed for a quick and effective heater optimization directly from the design stage (without effective fabrication of the transducer). The simulations were performed using a coupled electro-thermal interface that considered both the Joule heating of the resistor and the heat convection in the

Analysis of self-heating of thermally assisted spin-transfer torque magnetic random access memory

• Austin Deschenes,
• Sadid Muneer,
• Mustafa Akbulut,
• Ali Gokirmak and
• Helena Silva

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1676–1683, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.160

• . Keywords: FEM modeling; Joule heating; self-heating; spin torque transfer magnetic random access memory (STT-MRAM); thermoelectrics; Introduction Spin torque transfer magnetic random access memory (STT-MRAM), a type of non-volatile memory, functions through the resistance ratio between the parallel (ON

• device heating, by a significant margin, is Qt. The Peltier and Joule heating in the device are minimal in comparison. As a result, heating is largely localized in the MTJ region as seen in Figure 5 and Figure 6. Simulations were performed to observe the dependence of thermal behavior on the thickness of

Thermo-voltage measurements of atomic contacts at low temperature

• Ayelet Ofarim,
• Bastian Kopp,
• Thomas Möller,
• León Martin,
• Johannes Boneberg,
• Paul Leiderer and
• Elke Scheer

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 767–775, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.68

• across an electromigrated Au–molecule–Au junction by AC Joule heating of a nanopatterned resistor and recording with lock-in technique the local temperature by a scanning probe [17]. However, the conductance of these contacts cannot be tuned in situ. A MCBJ setup, in contrast, is stable enough to study

• the pioneering measurements of the conductance and thermo-voltage simultaneously were performed in a MCBJ, at low temperature, where the Joule heating of a discrete resistor element at one side of the junction created a temperature gradient and two other resistors, on each side of the junction, were

• lithographically defined micro-resistor close to one of the leads. Recently, several studies by Tsutsui et al. [13][14][15] showed simultaneous thermo-voltage and conductance measurements with thin-film MCBJ at room temperature, when the heat input was realized using Joule heating. They showed that the thermo

Current-induced runaway vibrations in dehydrogenated graphene nanoribbons

• Rasmus Bjerregaard Christensen,
• Jing-Tao Lü,
• Per Hedegård and
• Mads Brandbyge

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 68–74, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.8

• restrict ourselves to the harmonic approximation, F(U) = −KU. Non-equilibrium The semi-classical Langevin equation can be extended to include the non-equilibrium effects in the electronic system due to the current [11][12][23]. In accordance with intuition the “traditional” Joule-heating is present in the

Blue and white light emission from zinc oxide nanoforests

• Nafisa Noor,
• Luca Lucera,
• Thomas Capuano,
• Venkata Manthina,
• Alexander G. Agrios,
• Helena Silva and
• Ali Gokirmak

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 2463–2469, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.255

• flow path are likely to undergo dielectric breakdown and joule heating earlier than others. The joule heating in turn results in sublimation of ZnO into Zn vapor and O2 gas and melting of the polysilicon substrate. Thus different regions between the two probes are expected to experience these thermal

• nanoforest on highly doped polysilicon is ≈6.8 Ω·cm and that of the highly doped polysilicon substrate itself is ≈0.02 Ω·cm. Therefore, the current is expected to mostly flow through the polysilicon substrate, at least in the beginning when the temperature is low. As the temperature increases, due to Joule

• heating, the current paths will change depending on the temperature dependence of the resistivity of these two materials. Due to the large difference in resistivity, however, it is likely that the current flows mostly through the polysilicon substrate until the electrical breakdown of air or the ZnO

Evidence for non-conservative current-induced forces in the breaking of Au and Pt atomic chains

• Carlos Sabater,
• Carlos Untiedt and
• Jan M. van Ruitenbeek

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 2338–2344, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.241

• are atomic chains of Au and Pt atoms, for which we investigate the distribution of break down voltage values. We observe two distinct modes of breaking for Au atomic chains. The breaking at high voltage appears to behave as expected for regular break down by thermal excitation due to Joule heating

• affects the shape of the distribution. The broad peaks at finite break voltage for Au and Pt have been attributed to a mechanism of thermal breakup of the atomic chains in [10], and it was demonstrated that a simple model involving Joule heating produces a reasonable description. The model assumes the

• breaking there may be a threshold, or optimum, value for the mechanism. Indeed, this is what was considered by Smit et al. for the second region for Au at higher bias, where a certain level of Joule heating is needed for breaking to have a high probability. After this optimum breaking voltage the

Nonconservative current-driven dynamics: beyond the nanoscale

• Brian Cunningham,
• Tchavdar N. Todorov and
• Daniel Dundas

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 2140–2147, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.219

• we refer to as the waterwheel effect, differs from Joule heating [10][11] in two key respects. First, the growth in atomic kinetic energy is exponential. Second, it is not stochastic: the energy transferred in the waterwheel effect is stored in directional motion, specifically as generalised angular

• spontaneous phonon emission and Joule heating [20]. By contrast with the Landauer method above, the dynamical simulations accommodate departures from steady-state conditions and allow the current to respond to changes in the vibrational amplitudes. To compare the two methods we will further perform a short

• the long-ranged character of the nonequilibrium parts of the dynamical response matrix, responsible for NC dynamics. The inclusion of Joule heating (suppressed in Ehrenfest dynamics) and its interplay with the NC forces is an attractive direction for further work, as is the current-driven dynamical

Structural transitions in electron beam deposited Co–carbonyl suspended nanowires at high electrical current densities

• Gian Carlo Gazzadi and
• Stefano Frabboni

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 1298–1305, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.134

• considered [20]. Another important aspect, often not considered in the literature, is to investigate the electrical behavior and stability of FEBID nanodeposits under critical conditions that may occur in real devices, such as extended voltage and current ranges and high current density, where Joule heating

• is the case, then the gap probably formed after measurement by some vibration during nanoprobes lift-up. At the basis of the structural evolution observed in the three SNWs there is an interplay of several factors. Primarily the physical effects related to high current density (Joule heating and

• nanoparticles [34]. A second consideration regards the distribution of cobalt along the wires and its connection to I–V measurement history and electromigration. In SNW 1, the Joule heating during the current burst is making the wire fully metallic and polycrystalline. The current density associated to the